Uses and Gradifications

Klumber and Katz have the theory of audiences changing from being generally passives to becoming active. In their theory they have four key segments: Surveillance, Diversion, Personal Identity and Personal Relationships.

Diversion

Diversion is all about escaping from everyday problems and fully engaging themselves in whatever they are doing. Diversion is mainly applies in TV and Other Broadcasting like Cinema or Radio however it can still apply in other forms like E-media and Print. Examples of Diversion are soap programmes like Coronation Street, EastEnders or Emmerdale.

Surveillance

Surveillance is all about spying on other peoples lifestyles. It also links with Diversion because people are interested in other peoples live and how they live in comparison to how you live to feel better about themselves or to aspire to have a lifestyle like the people in the programme, programmes like Keeping up with the Kardashians is a key example of a programme that follows the surveillance type of programme.

Personal Identity

Personal Identity is all about how people what to aspire to be just like that person that they see on the Television which normally leads to them buying clothing or products that relate to that programme you watch to feel like you are part of that world this type of programming is called Aspirisional TV. Examples of Aspirational TV are programmes like location location location.

Personal Relationships

Personal Relationship are when audiences develop a connection with the main protagonist or any character or celebrity on the TV to feel a connection between you to TV programmes like I'm a celebrity get me out of here or Big Brother exploit this by making the auidence be the main deciders to whoever wins or loses.